The Role of Sociodemographic Characteristics, Body Mass Index, and Cariogenic Nutrition in Dental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Dental health problems commonly observed in society are usually caused by the combination of multifactorial risks. This study aims to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), cariogenic nutrition, and dental health in individuals aged 18-65 years using the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 362 volunteers aged 18-65 who presented to the Department of Restorative Dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University between July and December 2023. Data on sociodemographic information, oral hygiene practices, individual habits (smoking, alcohol use), BMI, frequency of cariogenic nutrition, daily water consumption, and DMFT scores were collected using a survey administered by an expert researcher. The DMFT assessment was conducted using visual examination and radiographic analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0) (α = 0.05).

Results: The effects of age, education level, frequency of dental visits, and BMI on the DMFT score were statistically significant (P < .05). Cariogenic diet was positively associated with tooth loss (P = .009), while water consumption was negatively associated (P = .035). Increased BMI was positively associated with missing teeth (P < .001) and DMFT score (P = .015), while it was negatively associated with decayed teeth (P = .001). The missing teeth, filled teeth, and DMFT scores were significantly lower in underweight individuals compared to other groups (P < .05).

Conclusion: Individuals’ dental health status is significantly influenced by BMI and the frequency of cariogenic nutrition. Additionally, sociodemographic characteristics, oral care practices, and daily water intake play a significant role in shaping the outcomes.

Cite this article as: Aktuğ-Karademir S, Karaaslan E. The role of sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, and cariogenic nutrition in dental health: a cross-sectional study. Essent Dent. 2026, 5, 0034, doi:10.5152/EssentDent.2026.25034.