Prevalence and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in Patients Aged 6-40 Years: A Retrospective Radiographic Study

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the distribution of dental anomaly groups in pediatric and orthodontic patients using panoramic radiographs and to determine their frequency of occurrence.

Methods: The study included panoramic radiographs from non-syndromic patients aged between 6 and 40 years who presented to the orthodontic and pediatric dentistry clinics. Patients with a history of traumatic injury, syndromic patients, patients with no clear radiographic image, patients with previous orthodontic treatment and extracted teeth, and third molars with a wide range of morphological and positional variations were excluded. Dental anomalies were evaluated according to the following criteria: number, size, structure, position, and shape.

Results: A total of 1084 panoramic radiographs fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The prevalence of anomalies was found to be 14.72%. While 47.2% of the patients with anomalies were male, 52.8% were female. The most common anomaly observed was positional anomalies, and the most common anomaly subgroup was found to be impacted teeth. Following positional anomalies, the most common anomaly was numerical anomalies, and hypodontia was found to be the most common anomaly in the numerical anomaly subgroup.

Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of early and regular radiographic screening of pediatric and orthodontic patients to identify developmental abnormalities, such as impacted teeth and hypodontia, which might otherwise go unnoticed. Early diagnosis can guide timely orthodontic or surgical interventions, potentially reducing the complexity of future treatment.

Cite this article as: Yavşan ZŞ, Erener H. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in patients aged 6-40 years: A retrospective radiographic study. Essent Dent. 2026, 5, 0074, doi:10.5152/EssentDent.2026.25074.